Three-Dimensional Simulations of Magnetized Superbubbles: New Insights into the Importance of MHD Effects on Observed Quantities

TL;DR

This paper uses 3D MHD simulations to explore how magnetic fields influence superbubble structures and observational measurements, revealing significant potential errors in age and scale height estimates if MHD effects are neglected.

Contribution

It provides the first 3D MHD simulation-based predictions of Faraday rotation in superbubbles and highlights the importance of MHD effects in observational interpretation.

Findings

Magnetic fields significantly alter superbubble axial ratios.

Hydrodynamic models can misestimate bubble ages by up to a factor of four.

Scale height estimates can be biased by up to 50% when neglecting MHD effects.

Abstract

We present three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of superbubbles, to study the importance of MHD effects in the interpretation of images from recent surveys of the Galactic plane. These simulations focus mainly on atmospheres defined by an exponential density distribution and the Dickey & Lockman (1990) density distribution. In each case, the magnetic field is parallel to the Galactic plane and we investigate cases with either infinite scale height (constant magnetic field) or a constant ratio of gas pressure to magnetic pressure. The three-dimensional structure of superbubbles in these simulations is discussed with emphasis on the axial ratio of the cavity as a function of magnetic field strength and the age of the bubble. We investigate systematic errors in the age of the bubble and scale height of the surrounding medium that may be introduced by modeling the data with purely hydrodynamic models. Age estimates derived with symmetric hydrodynamic models fitted to an asymmetric magnetized superbubble can differ by up to a factor of four, depending on the direction of the line of sight. The scale height of the surrounding medium based on the Kompaneets model may be up to 50% lower than the actual scale height. We also present the first ever predictions of Faraday rotation by a magnetized superbubble based on three-dimensional MHD simulations. We emphasize the importance of MHD effects in the interpretation of observations of superbubbles.