Formation of vortices in a dense Bose-Einstein condensate

TL;DR

This paper investigates vortex formation in dense, strongly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates using a slave-boson model and a generalized non-linear Schrödinger equation, revealing higher critical angular velocities than previous Thomas-Fermi-based predictions.

Contribution

It introduces a new approach employing a slave-boson model and a generalized Schrödinger equation to study dense BECs beyond the Thomas-Fermi approximation, improving understanding of vortex formation.

Findings

Critical angular velocity for vortex formation is higher than Thomas-Fermi predictions.

Significant differences are observed in non-smooth condensate regions.

The method provides more accurate descriptions of dense BEC behavior.

Abstract

A relaxation method is employed to study a rotating dense Bose-Einstein condensate beyond Thomas-Fermi approximation. We use a slave-boson model to describe the strongly interacting condensate and derive a generalized non-linear Schr\"odinger equation with kinetic term for the rotating condensate. In comparison with previous calculations, based on Thomas-Fermi approximation, significant improvements are found in regions, where the condensate in a trap potential is not smooth. The critical angular velocity of the vortex formation is higher than in the Thomas-Fermi prediction.