On super-massive objects without event horizon

TL;DR

This paper explores the theoretical possibility of super-massive compact objects lacking event horizons, based on geodesic-invariant gravitation equations, challenging traditional black hole models.

Contribution

It introduces a new class of super-massive objects without event horizons derived from geodesic-invariant gravitation equations, offering an alternative to black hole models.

Findings

Super-massive objects without event horizons are theoretically possible.

Solutions depend on a combined space-time geometry and reference frame.

Challenges traditional black hole conceptions.

Abstract

This paper aims to show the possibility of the existence of super-massive compact objects with radii less than the Schwarzschild one, which is one of the principal consequences of the author's geodesic-invariant gravitation equations (Ann. Phys. (Berlin), 17 (2008) 28). The physical interpretation of the solutions of the equations is based on the conclusion that only an aggregate "space-time geometry + used reference frame" has a physical sense.