Solitons in Bose-Einstein Condensates with time-dependent atomic scattering length in an expulsive parabolic and complex potential

TL;DR

This paper derives analytical solutions for bright and dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates with time-varying interactions and complex potentials, showing how to extend soliton lifetimes and excite soliton trains.

Contribution

It provides new analytical solutions for solitons in BECs with time-dependent interactions and proposes an experimental protocol for observing soliton trains.

Findings

Soliton solutions are extended to time-dependent interaction scenarios.

Soliton lifetimes can be increased by adjusting trap frequencies and atom loss.

Bright soliton trains can be excited with a strong background.

Abstract

We present two families of analytical solutions of the one-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation which describe the dynamics of bright and dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with the time-dependent interatomic interaction in an expulsive parabolic and complex potential. We also demonstrate that the lifetime of both a bright soliton and a dark soliton in BECs can be extended by reducing both the ratio of the axial oscillation frequency to radial oscillation frequency and the loss of atoms. It is interested that a train of bright solitons may be excited with a strong enough background. An experimental protocol is further designed for observing this phenomenon.