Surprising dissimilarities in a newly formed pair of 'identical twin' stars

TL;DR

This study reports unexpected physical differences between two nearly identical young stars in a binary system, challenging assumptions about their simultaneous formation and age synchronization.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed observational evidence of dissimilarities in temperature and luminosity between stellar twins in a very young binary system.

Findings

Stars have ~10% temperature difference.

Luminosity differs by ~50%.

Radii differ by 5-10%.

Abstract

The mass and chemical composition of a star are the primary determinants of its basic physical properties--radius, temperature, luminosity--and how those properties evolve with time. Thus, two stars born at the same time, from the same natal material, and with the same mass are 'identical twins,' and as such might be expected to possess identical physical attributes. We have discovered in the Orion Nebula a pair of stellar twins in a newborn binary star system. Each star in the binary has a mass of 0.41 +/- 0.01 solar masses, identical to within 2 percent. Here we report that these twin stars have surface temperatures that differ by ~300K (~10%), and luminosities that differ by ~50%, both at high confidence level. Preliminary results indicate that the stars' radii also differ, by 5-10%. These surprising dissimilarities suggest that one of the twins may have been delayed by several hundred thousand years in its formation relative to its sibling. Such a delay could only have been detected in a very young, definitively equal-mass binary system3 such as that reported here. Our findings reveal cosmic limits on the age synchronisation of young binary stars, often used as tests for the age calibrations of star-formation models.