Milky Way type galaxies in a LCDM cosmology

TL;DR

This study uses a large cosmological simulation to analyze Milky Way-like galaxies, revealing their formation history, feedback processes, and diversity in properties, supporting the Milky Way as a typical Sb/Sc galaxy.

Contribution

It provides a detailed statistical analysis of Milky Way analogs in a LCDM cosmology, highlighting formation mechanisms and feedback effects not previously quantified.

Findings

Most MW-like galaxies formed quietly with few major mergers.

Supernovae and AGN feedback significantly influence galaxy evolution.

Diversity in stellar mass and metallicity arises from different dark matter halo accretion histories.

Abstract

We analyse a sample of 52,000 Milky Way (MW) type galaxies drawn from the publicly available galaxy catalogue of the Millennium Simulation with the aim of studying statistically the differences and similarities of their properties in comparison to our Galaxy. Model galaxies are chosen to lie in haloes with maximum circular velocities in the range 200-250 km/seg and to have bulge-to-disk ratios similar to that of the Milky Way. We find that model MW galaxies formed quietly through the accretion of cold gas and small satellite systems. Only 12 per cent of our model galaxies experienced a major merger during their lifetime. Most of the stars formed in situ, with only about 15 per cent of the final mass gathered through accretion. Supernovae and AGN feedback play an important role in the evolution of these systems. At high redshifts, when the potential wells of the MW progenitors are shallower, winds driven by supernovae explosions blow out a large fraction of the gas and metals. As the systems grow in mass, SN feedback effects decrease and AGN feedback takes over, playing a more important role in the regulation of the star formation activity at lower redshifts. Although model Milky Way galaxies have been selected to lie in a narrow range of maximum circular velocities, they nevertheless exhibit a significant dispersion in the final stellar masses and metallicities. Our analysis suggests that this dispersion results from the different accretion histories of the parent dark matter haloes. Statically, we also find evidences to support the Milky Way as a typical Sb/Sc galaxy in the same mass range, providing a suitable benchmark to constrain numerical models of galaxy formation