Coexistence of amplitude and frequency modulations in intracellular calcium dynamics
Maurizio De Pitta, Vladislav Volman, Herbert Levine, Giovanni Pioggia,, Danilo De Rossi, and Eshel Ben-Jacob

TL;DR
This paper explores how intracellular calcium dynamics can encode external signals through amplitude, frequency, or mixed modulation, revealing new insights into cellular information processing.
Contribution
It demonstrates that biophysical parameters in the Li-Rinzel model can control calcium signals to encode information via AM, FM, or combined modulation, a novel finding.
Findings
Calcium signals can encode information through amplitude, frequency, or mixed modulation.
Biophysical parameters determine the type of modulation used for encoding.
Implications for astrocyte signaling and cellular information processing.
Abstract
The complex dynamics of intracellular calcium regulates cellular responses to information encoded in extracellular signals. Here, we study the encoding of these external signals in the context of the Li-Rinzel model. We show that by control of biophysical parameters the information can be encoded in amplitude modulation, frequency modulation or mixed (AM and FM) modulation. We briefly discuss the possible implications of this new role of information encoding for astrocytes.
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