Thermalized Non-Equilibrated Matter: Compound Processes and Beyond

TL;DR

This paper investigates thermalized non-equilibrated matter, revealing that phase memory persists through multiple evaporation steps in nuclear reactions, with implications for understanding slow phase relaxation in complex systems.

Contribution

It demonstrates that phase memory survives multiple evaporations in nuclear reactions, highlighting the stability of thermalized non-equilibrated matter against cascade processes.

Findings

Phase memory persists through several evaporations.

Upper limits of phase relaxation widths are in the range 1-10^{-4} eV.

Thermalized non-equilibrated matter affects multiple fields.

Abstract

A characteristic feature of thermalized non-equilibrated matter is that, in spite of energy relaxation (thermalization), a phase memory of the way the strongly interacting many-body system was excited remains. In this contribution we analyze a low energy evaporating proton data in nucleon induced reactions at $\simeq$62 MeV incident energy with $^{197}$Au, $^{208}$Pb, $^{209}$Bi and $^{nat}$U. Our analysis demonstrates that the thermalized non-equilibrated matter survives a cascade of several evaporating particles. Thus the experiments show that the effect of the anomalously slow phase relaxation, with upper limits of the phase relaxation widths in the range 1-10$^{-4}$ eV, is stable with respect to the multi-step evaporating cascade from the thermalized compound nuclei. We also briefly mention manifestations and implications of the thermalized non-equilibrated matter for some other fields.