AGILE and Swift simultaneous observations of the blazar S50716+714 during the bright flare of October 2007

TL;DR

This study reports simultaneous optical, UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray observations of the blazar S50716+714 during a bright flare, revealing complex variability patterns and spectral energy distribution changes that challenge simple emission models.

Contribution

It provides the first simultaneous multi-wavelength observations of S50716+714 during a major flare, highlighting the need for multi-component models to explain the variability.

Findings

Optical and soft X-ray emissions showed high variability with different behaviors.

The 4-10 keV flux remained constant, indicating a stable inverse Compton component.

Gamma-ray flux was consistent with a constant level, with a photon index near 2.

Abstract

We present the results of a series of optical, UV, X-ray and gamma-ray observations of the BL Lac object S50716+714 carried out by the Swift and AGILE satellites in late 2007 when this blazar was flaring close to its historical maximum at optical frequencies. We have found that the optical through soft X-ray emission, likely due to Synchrotron radiation, was highly variable and displayed a different behavior in the optical UV and soft X-ray bands. The 4-10 keV flux, most probably dominated by the inverse Compton component, remained instead constant. The counting statistics in the relatively short AGILE GRID observation was low and consistent with a constant gamma-ray flux at a level similar to the maximum observed by EGRET. An estimate of the gamma-ray spectral slope gives a value of the photon index that is close to 2 suggesting that the peak of the inverse Compton component in the Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) is within the AGILE energy band. The different variability behavior observed in different parts of the SED exclude interpretations predicting highly correlated flux variability like changes of the beaming factor or of the magnetic field in simple SSC scenarios. The observed SED changes may instead be interpreted as due to the sum of two SSC components, one of which is constant while the other is variable and with a systematically higher synchrotron peak energy.