A Z$_2$ spin-orbital liquid state in the square lattice Kugel-Khomskii model

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the theoretical existence of a Z2 spin-orbital liquid ground state in a square lattice Kugel-Khomskii model, revealing novel quantum phases with potential relevance to cold atom systems.

Contribution

It introduces a Majorana fermion approach to identify and analyze spin-orbital liquid phases in the SU(4) symmetric Kugel-Khomskii model, providing new insights into their properties.

Findings

Disordered spin-orbital states with high ground state overlap

States exhibit emergent nodal fermions and Z2 gauge fields

Excellent energetics compared to exact diagonalization

Abstract

We argue for the existence of a liquid ground state in a class of square lattice models of orbitally degenerate insulators. Starting with the SU(4) symmetric Kugel-Khomskii model, we utilize a Majorana Fermion representation of spin-orbital operators to access novel phases. Variational wavefunctions of candidate liquid phases are thus obtained, whose properties are evaluated using Variational Monte Carlo. These states are disordered, and are found to have excellent energetics and ground state overlap ($>40%$) when compared with exact diagonalization on 16 site clusters. We conclude that these are spin-orbital liquid ground states with emergent nodal fermions and Z$_2$ gauge fields. Connections to spin 3/2 cold atom systems and properties in the absence of SU(4) symmetry are briefly discussed.