Principles of statistical physics: the energy duality

TL;DR

This paper introduces a duality in the energy functions of systems with relaxation in statistical mechanics, revealing new insights into vortex forces and challenging traditional thermodynamic concepts.

Contribution

It proposes a novel energy duality framework in statistical physics, incorporating vortex forces and addressing misconceptions in thermodynamic potentials.

Findings

Established theorems on energy duality

Applied approach to particle confinement

Critiqued quasienergy and thermodynamic potential theories

Abstract

We argue that statistical mechanics of systems with relaxation implies breaking the energy function of systems into two having different transformation rules. With this duality the energy approach incorporates the generalized vortex forces. We show general theorems and their implications and apply the approach to the particle confinement in fields of rotational symmetry. Misconceptions of extensive use of the quasienergy and generalized thermodynamic potential theories are exposed.