Single Atom Detection With Optical Cavities

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the factors affecting single atom detection using optical cavities, highlighting heterodyne detection as the most effective method under various conditions.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of parameter influences on detection efficiency and compares different photon detection schemes for optimal single atom detection.

Findings

Heterodyne detection is most effective for detuned, high-power detection.

Cavity finesse and probe power significantly impact signal-to-noise ratio.

Device restrictions like detector type influence detection strategy choice.

Abstract

We present a thorough analysis of single atom detection using optical cavities. The large set of parameters that influence the signal-to-noise ratio for cavity detection is considered, with an emphasis on detunings, probe power, cavity finesse and photon detection schemes. Real device operating restrictions for single photon counting modules and standard photodiodes are included in our discussion, with heterodyne detection emerging as the clearly favourable technique, particularly for detuned detection at high power.