Universal Extra Dimensions, Radiative Returns and the Inverse Problem at a Linear e+e- Collider

TL;DR

This paper explores how a linear e+e- collider can distinguish Universal Extra Dimensions from other models by detecting specific resonances and signals through radiative returns and pair-production processes.

Contribution

It demonstrates that resonances of n=2 gauge bosons can uniquely identify UED models at fixed collider energies using radiative return techniques.

Findings

Resonances of b3_2 and Z_2 can be produced without increasing collision energy.

Radiative returns help excite these resonances at fixed b1s.

Detection of Z_1 pairs with leptons and missing energy supports UED identification.

Abstract

In a five-dimensional model with one Universal Extra Dimension (UED), signals for a pair of n = 1 Kaluza-Klein excitations could be easily observed at a future e+ e- collider if the process in question is kinematically allowed. However, these signals would prove difficult to distinguish from those predicted in other models, such as those with an extended gauge symmetry or supersymmetry. A much better power of discrimination is provided by the fact that the same machine could also produce the n=2 gauge bosons \gamma_2 and Z_2 as resonances in fermion pair-production without any upgrade in the collision energy \sqrt{s}. Assuming a fixed \sqrt{s}, as is expected at upcoming e+e- machines, we investigate the role of beam radiation in helping to excite such resonances through radiative returns. We then show how these resonances can yield unambiguous signals for UED, if taken in conjunction with the production of Z_1 pairs, identified by their decays to leptons and missing transverse energy.