Bounds on large extra dimensions from photon fusion process in SN1987A

TL;DR

This paper revisits constraints on large extra dimensions from photon fusion in supernova SN1987A, refining bounds on the fundamental Planck scale and confirming the robustness of previous limits for models with three extra dimensions.

Contribution

It provides a revised bound on the Planck scale from photon annihilation processes and combines energy loss mechanisms to strengthen existing constraints on large extra dimensions.

Findings

Bound on $M_*$ is approximately 1.6 TeV from photon fusion.

Combined energy loss processes only slightly improve the bounds.

Results reinforce strong constraints for models with three extra dimensions.

Abstract

The constraint on the ADD model of extra dimensions coming from photon annihilation into Kaluza-Klein graviton in supernova cores is revisited. In the two photon process for a conservative choice of the core parameters, we obtain the bound on the fundamental Planck scale $M_* \gtrsim$ 1.6 TeV. The combined energy loss rate due to nucleon-nucleon brehmstrahlung and photon annihilation processes is rederived, which shows that the combined bounds add only second decimal place to $M_*$. The present study can strengthen the results that are available in the current literature for the graviton emission from SN1987A which puts a very strong constraints on models with large extra dimensions for the case of $n=3$ .