Implementation of Quantum Gates via Optimal Control

TL;DR

This paper develops realistic control system models for quantum gate implementation considering off-resonant effects and combined control methods, and uses optimal control to achieve high-fidelity gates, highlighting both feasible and infeasible pulse solutions.

Contribution

It introduces advanced control models for quantum systems and applies optimal control to design high-fidelity quantum gates, addressing practical experimental constraints.

Findings

Achieved >99.99% fidelity in two- and three-qubit gates.

Identified simple, realistic pulses and complex, infeasible solutions.

Highlighted need for improved parametrization and algorithms.

Abstract

Starting with the basic control system model often employed in NMR pulse design, we derive more realistic control system models taking into account effects such as off-resonant excitation for systems with fixed inter-qubit coupling controlled by globally applied electromagnetic fields, as well as for systems controlled by a combination of a global fields and local control electrodes. For both models optimal control is used to find controls that implement a set of two- and three-qubit gates with fidelity greater than 99.99%. While in some cases the optimal pulses obtained appear to be surprisingly simple and experimentally realistic, the results also show that the "optimal" pulses obtained in other cases are experimentally infeasible, and more sophisticated parametrization of the control fields and numerical algorithms are needed.