Practical recipes for the model order reduction, dynamical simulation, and compressive sampling of large-scale open quantum systems

TL;DR

This paper develops numerical methods for simulating large-scale open quantum systems, focusing on model reduction, dynamical simulation, and compressive sampling, with applications to quantum spin systems and quantum state reconstruction.

Contribution

It introduces a novel simulation framework combining noise, measurement, control, and low-dimensional projection for high-temperature quantum spin systems.

Findings

Successful simulation of single-spin detection with MRFM.

Demonstration of low-dimensional projection of quantum trajectories.

Observation of sparsity limits in quantum state reconstruction.

Abstract

This article presents numerical recipes for simulating high-temperature and non-equilibrium quantum spin systems that are continuously measured and controlled. The notion of a spin system is broadly conceived, in order to encompass macroscopic test masses as the limiting case of large-j spins. The simulation technique has three stages: first the deliberate introduction of noise into the simulation, then the conversion of that noise into an equivalent continuous measurement and control process, and finally, projection of the trajectory onto a state-space manifold having reduced dimensionality and possessing a Kahler potential of multi-linear form. The resulting simulation formalism is used to construct a positive P-representation for the thermal density matrix. Single-spin detection by magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) is simulated, and the data statistics are shown to be those of a random telegraph signal with additive white noise. Larger-scale spin-dust models are simulated, having no spatial symmetry and no spatial ordering; the high-fidelity projection of numerically computed quantum trajectories onto low-dimensionality Kahler state-space manifolds is demonstrated. The reconstruction of quantum trajectories from sparse random projections is demonstrated, the onset of Donoho-Stodden breakdown at the Candes-Tao sparsity limit is observed, a deterministic construction for sampling matrices is given, and methods for quantum state optimization by Dantzig selection are given.