The Transparency of Galaxy Clusters

TL;DR

This study uses optical spectra of a large galaxy sample to investigate the presence of intracluster dust, finding no significant evidence and setting strict upper limits on dust extinction within galaxy clusters.

Contribution

It provides the first large-scale spectroscopic analysis constraining intracluster dust extinction with high precision using SDSS data.

Findings

No significant dust attenuation detected in galaxy clusters.

Upper limit on E(B-V) < 3 x 10^{-3} mag at 99% confidence.

Dust mass in clusters estimated to be less than 10^8 solar masses.

Abstract

If galaxy clusters contain intracluster dust, the spectra of galaxies lying behind clusters should show attenuation by dust absorption. We compare the optical (3500 - 7200 \AA) spectra of 60,267 luminous, early-type galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to search for the signatures of intracluster dust in z ~ 0.05 clusters. We select massive, quiescent (i.e., non-star-forming) galaxies using an EW(Halpha) <= 2 \AA cut and consider galaxies in three bins of velocity dispersion, ranging from 150 to 300 km s^{-1}. The uniformity of early-type galaxy spectra in the optical allows us to construct inverse-variance-weighted composite spectra with high signal-to-noise ratio (ranging from 10^2-10^3). We compare the composite spectra of galaxies that lie behind and adjacent to galaxy clusters and find no convincing evidence of dust attenuation on scales ~ 0.15-2 Mpc; we derive a generic limit of E(B-V) < 3 x 10^{-3} mag on scales ~ 1-2 Mpc at the 99% confidence level, using conservative jackknife error bars, corresponding to a dust mass <~ 10^8 $M_{\odot}$. On scales smaller than 1 Mpc this limit is slightly weaker, E(B-V) < 8 x 10^{-3} mag.