Conjugate Hard X-ray Footpoints in the 2003 October 29 X10 Flare: Unshearing Motions, Correlations, and Asymmetries

TL;DR

This study analyzes conjugate hard X-ray footpoints in a major solar flare, revealing their motions, correlations with magnetic fields, asymmetries, and proposing combined transport effects as explanations, along with new data correction techniques.

Contribution

The paper provides detailed imaging and spectroscopic analysis of conjugate HXR footpoints, introduces novel methods for data correction, and explores the interplay of magnetic and transport effects in flare dynamics.

Findings

FPs move toward and away from each other, indicating unshearing motions.

HXR flux correlates exponentially with magnetic field strength.

Asymmetries exist between eastern and western FPs in brightness, magnetic field, and motion.

Abstract

We present a detailed imaging and spectroscopic study of the conjugate hard X-ray (HXR) footpoints (FPs) observed with RHESSI in the 2003 October 29 X10 flare. The double FPs first move toward and then away from each other, mainly parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic neutral line, respectively. The transition of these two phases of FP unshearing motions coincides with the direction reversal of the motion of the loop-top (LT) source, and with the minima of the estimated loop length and LT height. The FPs show temporal correlations between HXR flux, spectral index, and magnetic field strength. The HXR flux exponentially correlates with the magnetic field strength, which also anti-correlates with the spectral index before the second HXR peak's maximum, suggesting that particle acceleration sensitively depends on the magnetic field strength and/or reconnection rate. Asymmetries are observed between the FPs: on average, the eastern FP is 2.2 times brighter in HXR flux and 1.8 times weaker in magnetic field strength, and moves 2.8 times faster away from the neutral line than the western FP; the estimated coronal column density to the eastern FP from the LT source is 1.7 times smaller. The two FPs have marginally different spectral indexes. The eastern-to-western FP HXR flux ratio and magnetic field strength ratio are anti-correlated only before the second HXR peak's maximum. Neither magnetic mirroring nor column density alone can explain the totality of these observations, but their combination, together with other transport effects, might provide a full explanation. We have also developed novel techniques to remove particle contamination from HXR counts and to estimate effects of pulse pileup in imaging spectroscopy, which can be applied to other RHESSI flares in similar circumstances.