Diagnostics of inhomogeneous stellar jets: Convolution effects and data reconstruction

TL;DR

This paper investigates how inhomogeneities in stellar jets affect plasma diagnostics and demonstrates methods to reconstruct the true physical parameters, highlighting the errors caused by assuming homogeneity in observational interpretations.

Contribution

It systematically analyzes the impact of inhomogeneity on line-of-sight diagnostics and introduces a reconstruction technique using Abel transform inversion for more accurate plasma parameter estimation.

Findings

Assuming homogeneity leads to inaccurate physical parameters.

Inhomogeneity causes significant errors in plasma diagnostics.

Reconstruction methods can recover true physical structures.

Abstract

CONTEXT: In the interpretation of stellar jet observations, the physical parameters are usually determined from emission line ratios, obtained from spectroscopic observations or using the information contained in narrow band images. The basic hypothesis in the interpretation of the observations is that the emitting region is homogeneous along the line of sight. Actually, stellar jets are in general not homogeneous, and therefore line of sight convolution effects may lead to the main uncertainty in the determination of the physical parameters. AIMS: This paper is aimed at showing the systematic errors introduced when assuming an homogeneous medium, and studying the effect of an inhomogeneous medium on plasma diagnostics for the case of a stellar jet. In addition, we explore how to reconstruct the volumetric physical parameters of the jet (i. e., with dependence both across and along the line of sight). METHODS: We use standard techniques to determine the physical parameters, i. e., the electron density, temperature and hydrogen ionisation fraction across the jet, and a multi-Gaussian method to invert the Abel transform and determine the reconstructed physical structure. RESULTS: When assuming an homogeneous medium the physical parameters, integrated along the line of sight, do not represent the average of the true values, and do not have a clear physical interpretation. We show that when some information is available on the emissivity profile across the jet, it is then possible to obtain appropriate derivations of the electron density, temperature and ionisation fraction.