Entanglement Spectrum as a Generalization of Entanglement Entropy: Identification of Topological Order in Non-Abelian Fractional Quantum Hall Effect States

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the low-lying entanglement spectrum can serve as a reliable fingerprint for identifying topological order in fractional quantum Hall states, distinguishing model wavefunctions from generic states.

Contribution

It introduces the entanglement spectrum as a tool to detect topological order and shows its effectiveness in differentiating Moore-Read model states from generic Coulomb interaction states.

Findings

The entanglement spectrum exhibits a gapless structure related to conformal field theory.

A finite entanglement gap persists in generic states, indicating topological order.

The low-lying entanglement spectrum acts as a fingerprint for topological phases.

Abstract

We study the "entanglement spectrum" (a presentation of the Schmidt decomposition analogous to a set of "energy levels") of a many-body state, and compare the Moore-Read model wavefunction for the $\nu$ = 5/2 fractional quantum Hall state with a generic 5/2 state obtained by finite-size diagonalization of the second-Landau-level-projected Coulomb interactions. Their spectra share a common "gapless" structure, related to conformal field theory. In the model state, these are the \textit{only} levels, while in the "generic" case, they are separated from the rest of the spectrum by a clear "entanglement gap", which appears to remain finite in the thermodynamic limit. We propose that the low-lying entanglement spectrum can be used as a "fingerprint" to identify topological order.