Josephson Current and Noise at a Superconductor-Quantum Spin Hall Insulator-Superconductor Junction

TL;DR

This paper investigates the fractional Josephson effect and associated noise in superconductor-quantum spin Hall insulator-superconductor junctions, highlighting the role of fermion parity conservation and topological properties.

Contribution

It demonstrates the existence of a 4π periodic Josephson effect due to fermion parity conservation and analyzes the impact of inelastic processes on supercurrent noise.

Findings

Fractional Josephson effect with 4π periodicity observed.

Telegraph noise in supercurrent due to fermion parity violation.

Low frequency noise diverges exponentially as temperature approaches zero.

Abstract

We study junctions between superconductors mediated by the edge states of a quantum spin Hall insulator. We show that such junctions exhibit a fractional Josephson effect, in which the current phase relation has a 4\pi, rather than a 2\pi periodicity. This effect is a consequence of the conservation of fermion parity - the number of electrons modulo 2 - in a superconducting junction, and is closely related to the Z_2 topological structure of the quantum spin Hall insulator. Inelastic processes, which violate the conservation of fermion parity, lead to telegraph noise in the equilibrium supercurrent. We predict that the low frequency noise due these processes diverges exponentially with temperature T as T -> 0. Possible experiments on HgCdTe quantum wells will be discussed.