Volume Dependence of Spectral Weights for Unstable Particles in a Solvable Model

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the volume dependence of spectral weights in lattice QCD can misrepresent broad resonances as multi-particle states, showing that the ratio of width to level spacing determines this behavior.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the volume dependence criterion for single-particle states applies only to narrow resonances, providing a model-based analysis of broad resonance behavior.

Findings

Broad resonances can mimic multi-particle volume dependence.

The transition depends on the ratio of resonance width to level spacing.

Most lattice QCD resonances still appear as single particles.

Abstract

Volume dependence of the spectral weight is usually used as a simple criteria to distinguish single-particle states from multi-particle states in lattice QCD calculations. Within a solvable model, the Lee model, we show that this criteria is in principle only valid for a stable particle or a narrow resonance. If the resonance being studied is broad, then the volume dependence of the corresponding spectral weight resembles that of a multi-particle state instead of a single-particle one. For an unstable $V$-particle in the Lee model, the transition from single-particle to multi-particle volume dependence is governed by the ratio of its physical width to the typical level spacing in the finite volume. We estimate this ratio for practical lattice QCD simulations and find that, for most cases, the resonance studied in lattice QCD simulations still resembles the single particle behavior.