Atomic Structures of Graphene, Benzene and Methane with Bond Lengths as Sums of the Single, Double and Resonance Bond Radii of Carbon

TL;DR

This paper presents atomic structures of graphene, benzene, and methane, highlighting differences in bond lengths based on carbon radii derived from single, double, and resonance bonds, with structures drawn to scale.

Contribution

It introduces the first detailed atomic-level structures of graphene and compares them with benzene and methane based on bond radii.

Findings

Graphene's atomic structure differs from benzene due to bond radius variations.

Bond lengths in methane are longer, similar to diamond's covalent radius.

Structures are presented to scale for accurate comparison.

Abstract

Two dimensional layers of graphene are currently drawing a great attention in fundamental and applied nanoscience. Graphene consists of interconnected hexagons of carbon atoms as in graphite. This article presents for the first time the structures of graphene at the atomic level and shows how it differs from that of benzene, due to the difference in the double bond and resonance bond based radii of carbon. The carbon atom of an aliphatic compound such as methane has a longer covalent single bond radius as in diamond. All the atomic structures presented here have been drawn to scale.