The close-in companion of the fast rotating Be star Achernar

TL;DR

This study characterizes Achernar B, a close-in companion to the Be star Achernar, suggesting its orbit may influence the star's Be episodes, with implications for understanding binarity's role in Be star phenomena.

Contribution

First near-IR imaging and spectral analysis of Achernar B, revealing its nature and potential influence on Achernar's Be episodes, highlighting the role of binarity in Be star activity.

Findings

Achernar B is likely an A1V-A3V star.

Orbital period of Achernar B is about 15 years.

Interaction at periastron may trigger Be episodes.

Abstract

Context: Be stars are massive dwarf or subgiant stars that present temporary emission lines in their spectrum, and particularly in the Halpha line. The mechanism triggering these Be episodes is currently unknown, but binarity could play an important role. Aims: Previous observations with the VLT/VISIR instrument (Kervella & Domiciano de Souza 2007) revealed a faint companion to Achernar, the brightest Be star in the sky. The present observations are intended to characterize the physical nature of this object. Methods: We obtained near-IR images and an H-band spectrum of Achernar B using the VLT/NACO adaptive optics systems. Results: Our images clearly show the displacement of Achernar B over a portion of its orbit around Achernar A. Although these data are insuficient to derive the orbital parameters, they indicate a period of the order of 15 yr. The projected angular separation of the two objects in December 2007 was smaller than 0.15 arcsec, or 6.7 AU at the distance of Achernar. Conclusions: From its flux distribution in the near- and thermal-IR, Achernar B is most likely an A1V-A3V star. Its orbital period appears similar to the observed pseudo-periodicity of the Be phenomenon of Achernar. This indicates that an interaction between A and B at periastron could be the trigger of the Be episodes.