The quark-gluon vertex in Landau gauge QCD: Its role in dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and quark confinement

TL;DR

This paper investigates the infrared behavior of the quark-gluon vertex in Landau gauge QCD, revealing its role in dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and quark confinement through analytical and numerical methods.

Contribution

It analytically derives infrared singularities of the quark-gluon vertex and links chiral symmetry breaking to confinement, providing a detailed Dyson-Schwinger equation analysis.

Findings

Infrared singularities in the quark-gluon vertex are established.

Chiral symmetry breaking leads to a linearly rising quark potential.

Enforcing chiral symmetry results in a Coulomb-like potential.

Abstract

The infrared behavior of the quark-gluon vertex of quenched Landau gauge QCD is studied by analyzing its Dyson-Schwinger equation. Building on previously obtained results for Green functions in the Yang-Mills sector we analytically derive the existence of power-law infrared singularities for this vertex. We establish that dynamical chiral symmetry breaking leads to the self-consistent generation of components of the quark-gluon vertex forbidden when chiral symmetry is forced to stay in the Wigner-Weyl mode. In the latter case the running strong coupling assumes an infrared fixed point. If chiral symmetry is broken, either dynamically or explicitely, the running coupling is infrared divergent. Based on a truncation for the quark-gluon vertex Dyson-Schwinger equation which respects the analytically determined infrared behavior numerical results for the coupled system of the quark propagator and vertex Dyson-Schwinger equation are presented. The resulting quark mass function as well as the vertex function show only a very weak dependence on the current quark mass in the deep infrared. From this we infer by an analysis of the quark-quark scattering kernel a linearly rising quark potential with an almost mass independent string tension in the case of broken chiral symmetry. Enforcing chiral symmetry does lead to a Coulomb type potential. Therefore we conclude that chiral symmetry breaking and confinement are closely related. Furthermore we discuss aspects of confinement as the absence of long-range van-der-Waals forces and Casimir scaling. An examination of experimental data for quarkonia provides further evidence for the viability of the presented mechanism for quark confinement in the Landau gauge.