A systematic phenomenological study of the $\cos 2 \phi$ asymmetry in unpolarized semi--inclusive DIS

TL;DR

This paper provides a comprehensive phenomenological analysis of the $ ext{cos} 2 ext{phi}$ azimuthal asymmetry in unpolarized semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, considering both perturbative and non-perturbative effects, and explores its potential to reveal the Boer--Mulders function.

Contribution

It offers the first systematic study of the $ ext{cos} 2 ext{phi}$ asymmetry including both perturbative and intrinsic transverse momentum effects, and proposes a method to extract the Boer--Mulders function from experimental data.

Findings

The asymmetry is of order a few percent in HERMES, COMPASS, and JLab kinematics.

A larger asymmetry in $ ext{pi}^-$ compared to $ ext{pi}^+$ indicates the Boer--Mulders effect.

Higher-twist contributions dominate the asymmetry at the considered energies.

Abstract

We study the $\cos 2 \phi$ azimuthal asymmetry in unpolarized semi-inclusive DIS, taking into account both the perturbative contribution (gluon emission and splitting) and the non perturbative effects arising from intrinsic transverse motion and transverse spin of quarks. In particular we explore the possibility to extract from $<\cos 2 \phi>$ some information about the Boer--Mulders function $h_1^{\perp}$, which represents a transverse--polarization asymmetry of quarks inside an unpolarized hadron. Predictions are presented for the HERMES, COMPASS and JLab kinematics, where $<\cos 2 \phi>$ is dominated by the kinematical higher--twist contribution, and turns to be of order of few percent. We show that a larger asymmetry in $\pi^-$ production, compared to $\pi^+$ production, would represent a signature of the Boer--Mulders effect.