Spin-dependent empirical formula for the lowest excitation energies of the natural parity states in even-even nuclei

TL;DR

This paper introduces a universal empirical formula for the lowest excitation energies of natural parity states in even-even nuclei, incorporating spin dependence to apply across different multipole states with consistent parameters.

Contribution

It proposes a novel spin-dependent empirical formula that applies uniformly to various multipole states in even-even nuclei, unlike previous models requiring separate parameter fitting.

Findings

The formula accurately predicts excitation energies across the periodic table.

It simplifies modeling by using a single set of parameters for multiple states.

The approach enhances understanding of nuclear excitation behaviors.

Abstract

We present an empirical expression which holds for the lowest excitation energy of the natural parity states in even-even nuclei throughout the entire periodic table. This formula contains spin-dependent factors so that it is applied to different multipole states with the same model parameters in contrast to the recently proposed empirical expression where the model parameters had to be fitted for each multipole separately.