Surface tension in the dilute Ising model. The Wulff construction

TL;DR

This paper investigates surface tension and phase coexistence in the dilute ferromagnetic Ising model with random couplings, establishing convergence, large deviation behaviors, and relations to flow models, with implications for media randomness.

Contribution

It provides the first rigorous analysis of surface tension convergence, large deviations, and phase coexistence in the dilute Ising model with random couplings, extending results to related models.

Findings

Surface tension converges in probability with respect to random couplings.

Large deviations of surface tension occur at volume and surface scales.

The quenched surface tension is related to maximal flows and differs from averaged measures at low temperatures.

Abstract

We study the surface tension and the phenomenon of phase coexistence for the Ising model on $\mathbbm{Z}^d$ ($d \geqslant 2$) with ferromagnetic but random couplings. We prove the convergence in probability (with respect to random couplings) of surface tension and analyze its large deviations : upper deviations occur at volume order while lower deviations occur at surface order. We study the asymptotics of surface tension at low temperatures and relate the quenched value $\tau^q$ of surface tension to maximal flows (first passage times if $d = 2$). For a broad class of distributions of the couplings we show that the inequality $\tau^a \leqslant \tau^q$ -- where $\tau^a$ is the surface tension under the averaged Gibbs measure -- is strict at low temperatures. We also describe the phenomenon of phase coexistence in the dilute Ising model and discuss some of the consequences of the media randomness. All of our results hold as well for the dilute Potts and random cluster models.