Young stars and brown dwarfs surrounding Alnilam (eps Ori) and Mintaka (del Ori)

TL;DR

This study explores young stellar and substellar populations around Alnilam and Mintaka in Orion, identifying new candidate members, compiling catalogs, and comparing their distributions to the sigma Orionis cluster to find potential new clusters.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed survey of young stars and brown dwarf candidates in these regions, revealing a new open cluster and comparing their properties to sigma Orionis.

Findings

Identified 136 young stars with youth indicators.

Discovered 2 brown dwarf and 289 star candidates.

Reported a new open cluster centered on Mintaka.

Abstract

Aims: We look for new regions for the search of substellar objects. Methods: Two circular areas, 45 arcmin-radius each, centred on the young massive star systems Alnilam and Mintaka in the Orion Belt, have been explored. The regions are very young (less than 10 Ma), have low extinction, and are neighbours to sigma Orionis (~3 Ma), a young open cluster very rich in brown dwarfs and planetary-mass objects. We have used Virtual Observatory tools, the astro-photometric Tycho-2, DENIS and 2MASS catalogues, 10 control fields at similar galactic latitudes, and X-ray, mid-infrared and spectroscopic data from the literature. Results: We have compiled exhaustive lists of known young stars and new candidate members in the Ori OB1b association, and of fore- and background sources. A total of 136 stars display features of extreme youth, like early spectral types, lithium in absorption, or mid-infrared flux excess. Other two young brown dwarf and 289 star candidates have been identified from an optical/near-infrared colour-magnitude diagram. We list additional 74 known objects that might belong to the association. This catalogue can serve as an input for characterisation of the stellar and high-mass substellar populations in the Orion Belt. Finally, we have investigated the surface densities and radial distributions of young objects surrounding Alnilam and Mintaka, and compared them with those in the sigma Orionis cluster. We report a new open cluster centred on Mintaka. Conclusions: Both regions can be analogs to the sigma Orionis cluster, but more massive, more extended, slightly older, and less radially concentrated.