Finding ultracool brown dwarfs with MegaCam on CFHT: method and first results

TL;DR

This paper introduces a wide field survey using MegaCam on CFHT to discover ultracool brown dwarfs, aiming to expand the known sample and better understand their mass distribution.

Contribution

It presents a new survey method combining optical and near-infrared imaging to identify and confirm ultracool brown dwarfs, significantly increasing the known population.

Findings

Found 770 brown dwarf candidates over 350 sq. degrees.

Confirmed 37% of candidates as potential L or T dwarfs.

Discovered a brown dwarf later than T8, among the reddest and farthest known.

Abstract

We present the first results of a wide field survey for cool brown dwarfs with the MegaCam camera on the CFHT telescope, the Canada-France Brown Dwarf Survey, hereafter CFBDS. Our objectives are to find ultracool brown dwarfs and to constrain the field-brown dwarf mass function thanks to a larger sample of L and T dwarfs. We identify candidates in CFHT/MegaCam i' and z' images using optimised psf-fitting within Source Extractor, and follow them up with pointed near-infrared imaging on several telescopes. We have so far analysed over 350 square degrees and found 770 brown dwarf candidates brighter than z'{AB}=22.5. We currently have J-band photometry for 220 of these candidates, which confirms 37% as potential L or T dwarfs. Some are among the reddest and farthest brown dwarfs currently known, including an independent identification of the recently published ULAS J003402.77-005206.7 and the discovery of a second brown dwarf later than T8, CFBDS J005910.83-011401.3. Infrared spectra of three T dwarf candidates confirm their nature, and validate the selection process. The completed survey will discover ~100 T dwarfs and ~500 L dwarfs or M dwarfs later than M8, approximately doubling the number of currently known brown dwarfs. The resulting sample will have a very well-defined selection function, and will therefore produce a very clean luminosity function.