Planar Graphs On The World Sheet: The Hamiltonian Approach

TL;DR

This paper introduces a Hamiltonian approach to summing planar Feynman graphs on the world sheet, eliminating ultraviolet divergences and analyzing graph condensation in phi^3 and phi^4 theories.

Contribution

It develops a Hamiltonian quantization method for planar graphs, providing exact representations and analyzing ground state structures with mean field approximation.

Findings

Phi^3 graphs form a condensate on the world sheet.

Phi^4 graphs condense for unphysical coupling sign.

Ultraviolet divergence is absent in the Hamiltonian approach.

Abstract

The present work continues the program of summing planar Feynman graphs on the world sheet. Although it is based on the same classical action introduced in the earlier work, there are important new features: Instead of the path integral used in the earlier work, the model is quantized using the canonical algebra and the Hamiltonian picture. The new approach has an important advantage over the old one: The ultraviolet divergence that plagued the earlier work is absent. Using a family of projection operators, we are able to give an exact representation on the world sheet of the planar graphs of both the phi^3 theory, on which most of the previous work was based, and also of the phi^4 theory. We then apply the mean field approximation to determine the structure of the ground state. In agreement with the earlier work, we find that the graphs of phi^3 theory form a dense network (condensate) on the world sheet. In the case of the phi^4 theory, graphs condense for the unphysical (attractive) sign of the coupling, whereas there is no condensation for the physical (repulsive) sign.