Fluorine Abundances in the Milky Way Bulge

TL;DR

This study measures fluorine abundances in bulge red giants, revealing that fluorine production in the bulge is likely dominated by Wolf-Rayet stars, and suggests inhomogeneous chemical evolution in the Milky Way bulge.

Contribution

First to define fluorine behavior with metallicity in the bulge, highlighting the role of Wolf-Rayet stars over AGB stars in fluorine production.

Findings

Fluorine abundance increases with oxygen in bulge giants.

Bulge fluorine trends overlap with disk trends at similar metallicities.

Evidence suggests Wolf-Rayet stars significantly contributed to fluorine in the bulge.

Abstract

Fluorine (19F) abundances are derived in a sample of 6 bulge red giants in Baade's Window. These giants span a factor of 10 in metallicity and this is the first study to define the behavior of 19F with metallicity in the bulge. The bulge results show an increase in F/O with increasing oxygen. This trend overlaps what is found in the disk at comparable metallicities, with the most oxygen-rich bulge target extending the disk trend. The increase in F/O in the disk arises from 19F synthesis in both asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and metal-rich Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars through stellar winds. The lack of an s-process enhancement in the most fluorine-rich bulge giant in this study, suggests that WR stars represented a larger contribution than AGB stars to 19F production in the bulge when compared to the disk. If this result for fluorine is combined with the previously published overall decline in the O/Mg abundance ratios in metal-rich bulge stars, it suggests that WR winds played a role in shaping chemical evolution in the bulge. One star in this study exhibits a very low value of F/O while having a large O-abundance; this chemical mixture can be understood if this star formed from gas that was enriched by metal-poor core-collapse supernovae and may indicate that chemical evolution in the bulge was inhomogeneous.