BCS BEC crossover and phase structure of relativistic system: a variational approach

TL;DR

This paper explores the BCS-BEC crossover in relativistic fermion systems using a variational approach, highlighting the importance of antiparticle contributions and analyzing phase stability and fluctuations.

Contribution

It introduces a variational method for studying relativistic BCS-BEC crossover, emphasizing antiparticle effects and the impact of condensate fluctuations on critical temperature.

Findings

Antiparticle degrees of freedom significantly influence the crossover physics.

Stable gapless modes appear in the strong coupling BEC regime.

Fluctuations of the condensate reduce the critical temperature.

Abstract

We investigate here the BCS BEC crossover in relativistic systems using a variational construct for the ground state and the minimization of the thermodynamic potential. This is first studied in a four fermion point interaction model and with a BCS type ansatz for the ground state with fermion pairs. It is shown that the antiparticle degrees of freedom play an important role in the BCS BEC crossover physics, even when the ratio of fermi momentum to the mass of the fermion is small. We also consider the phase structure for the case of fermion pairing with imbalanced populations. Within the ansatz, thermodynamically stable gapless modes for both fermions and anti fermions are seen for strong coupling in the BEC regime. We further investigate the effect of fluctuations of the condensate field by treating it as a dynamical field and generalize the BCS ansatz to include quanta of the condensate field also in a boson fermion model with quartic self interaction of the condensate field. It is seen that the critical temperature decreases with inclusion of fluctuations.