Fast rotating condensates in an asymmetric harmonic trap

TL;DR

This paper studies how anisotropic harmonic traps affect fast rotating Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing unique vortex behaviors and density profiles, especially near the deconfinement threshold.

Contribution

It introduces a model for fast rotating condensates in asymmetric traps, highlighting the absence of visible vortices and the use of distorted coordinates for analysis.

Findings

Condensate density forms an inverted parabola in deconfined direction

No visible vortices in the ground state, but invisible vortices exist

Hexagonal vortex lattice appears at intermediate velocities with small anisotropy

Abstract

We investigate the effect of the anisotropy of a harmonic trap on the behaviour of a fast rotating Bose-Einstein condensate. Fast rotation is reached when the rotational velocity is close to the smallest trapping frequency, thereby deconfining the condensate in the corresponding direction. A striking new feature is the non-existence of visible vortices for the ground state. The condensate can be described with the lowest Landau level set of states, but using distorted complex coordinates. We find that the coarse grained atomic density behaves like an inverted parabola with large radius in the deconfined direction, and like a fixed Gaussian in the other direction. It has no visible vortices, but invisible vortices which are needed to recover the mixed Thomas-Fermi Gaussian profile. There is a regime of small anisotropy and intermediate rotational velocity where the behaviour is similar to the isotropic case: a hexagonal Abrikosov lattice of vortices, with an inverted parabola profile.