Theory of quantum noise detectors based on resonant tunneling

TL;DR

This paper develops a theoretical framework for quantum noise detection using resonant tunneling, analyzing equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions, and proposes methods to measure higher-order current cumulants.

Contribution

It introduces a novel theory of quantum noise detection via resonant tunneling, including effects of non-equilibrium noise and higher-order cumulants, with predictions for detector behavior.

Findings

Universal fluctuation-dissipation relation in equilibrium

Breakdown of universality under non-equilibrium conditions

Proposed measurement of third current cumulant

Abstract

We propose to use the phenomenon of resonant tunneling for the detection of noise. The main idea of this method relies on the effect of homogeneous broadening of the resonant tunneling peak induced by the emission and absorption of collective charge excitations in the measurement circuit. In thermal equilibrium, the signal to noise ratio of the detector as a function of the detector bandwidth (the detector function) is given by the universal hyperbolic tangent, which is the statement of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The universality breaks down if non-equilibrium processes take place in the measurement circuit. We propose the theory of this phenomenon and make predictions for the detector function in case when non-equilibrium noise is created by a mesoscopic conductor. We investigate measurement circuit effects and prove the universality of the classical noise detection. Finally, we evaluate the contribution of the third cumulant of current and make suggestions of how it can be measured.