Fock-space quantum particle approach for the two-mode boson model describing BEC trapped in a double-well potential

TL;DR

This paper introduces a Fock-space quantum approach for large bosonic systems, modeling BEC in a double-well trap as a single particle in a quantum potential, revealing insights into ground states, tunneling, and phase dynamics.

Contribution

It develops a novel Fock-space method linking many-body bosonic dynamics to single-particle quantum analogies, providing new understanding of BEC phenomena in double-well traps.

Findings

Ground state corresponds to mean-field fixed point or excited fixed point.

Tunneling energy splitting is exponentially small for large atom numbers.

Phase collapse and revivals are explained by quantum phase dispersion growth.

Abstract

We develop the Fock-space many-body quantum approach for large number of bosons, when the bosons occupy significantly only few modes. The approach is based on an analogy with the dynamics of a single particle of either positive or negative mass in a quantum potential, where the inverse number of bosons plays the role of Planck constant. As application of the method we consider the Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well trap. The ground state of positive mass particle corresponds to the mean-field fixed point of lower energy, while that of negative mass to the excited fixed point. In the case of attractive BEC above the threshold for symmetry breaking, the ground state is a cat state and we relate this fact to the double-well shape of the quantum potential for the positive mass quantum particle. The tunneling energy splitting between the local Fock states of the cat state is shown to be extremely small for the nonlinearity parameter just above the critical value and exponentially decreasing with the number of atoms. In the repulsive case, the phase locked ($\pi$-phase) macroscopic quantum self-trapping of BEC is related to the double-well structure of the potential for the negative mass quantum particle. We also analyze the running phase macroscopic quantum self-trapping state and show that it is subject to quantum collapses and revivals. Moreover, the quantum dynamics just before the first collapse of the running phase shows exponential growth of dispersion of the quantum phase distribution which may explain the growth of the phase fluctuations seen in the experiment on the macroscopic quantum self-trapping.