Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem for the Microcanonical Ensemble

TL;DR

This paper derives a version of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem for the microcanonical ensemble, extending its applicability beyond the thermodynamic limit and canonical ensemble, with implications for understanding fluctuations and responses in isolated systems.

Contribution

It presents a novel derivation of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem for the microcanonical ensemble, highlighting differences from the canonical case and exploring related dispersion relations.

Findings

Extension of fluctuation-dissipation relations beyond thermodynamic limit

Relation between fluctuations and response in isolated systems

Derivation of dispersion relations for energy-dependent response functions

Abstract

A derivation of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem for the microcanonical ensemble is presented using linear response theory. The theorem is stated as a relation between the frequency spectra of the symmetric correlation and response functions. When the system is not in the thermodinamic limit, this result can be viewed as an extension of the fluctuation-dissipation relations to a situation where dynamical fluctuations determine the response. Therefore, the relation presented here between equilibrium fluctuations and response can have a very different physical nature from the usual one in the canonical ensemble. These considerations imply that the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem is not restricted to the context of thermal equilibrium, where it is usually derived. Dispersion relations and sum rules are also obtained and discussed in the present case. Although analogous to the Kramers-Kronig relations, they are not related to the frequency spectrum but to the energy dependence of the response function.