Planets and Dark Energy

TL;DR

This paper presents a fluid mechanical model called hydro-gravitational-dynamics (HGD) that explains the formation of cosmic structures from the early universe to galaxy clusters, challenging standard dark energy interpretations.

Contribution

It introduces HGD as a new framework for understanding cosmic structure formation, emphasizing plasma fragmentation and fluid dynamics over traditional dark matter and dark energy models.

Findings

Proposes plasma fragmentation at 0.03 Myr forming large-scale structures.

Explains star and planet formation via binary mergers of primordial gas planets.

Suggests supernovae and planetary nebulae influence distance measurements and dark energy hypotheses.

Abstract

Self gravitational fluid mechanical methods termed hydro-gravitational-dynamics (HGD) predict plasma fragmentation 0.03 Myr after the turbulent big bang to form protosuperclustervoids, turbulent protosuperclusters, and protogalaxies at the 0.3 Myr transition from plasma to gas. Linear protogalaxyclusters fragment at 0.003 Mpc viscous-inertial scales along turbulent vortex lines or in spirals, as observed. The plasma protogalaxies fragment on transition into white-hot planet-mass gas clouds (PFPs) in million-solar-mass clumps (PGCs) that become globular-star-clusters (GCs) from tidal forces or dark matter (PGCs) by freezing and diffusion into 0.3 Mpc halos with 97% of the galaxy mass. The weakly collisional non-baryonic dark matter diffuses to > Mpc scales and fragments to form galaxy cluster halos. Stars and larger planets form by binary mergers of the trillion PFPs per PGC, mostly on 0.03 Mpc galaxy accretion disks. Stars deaths depend on rates of planet accretion and internal star mixing. Moderate accretion rates produce white dwarfs that evaporate surrounding gas planets by spin-radiation to form planetary nebulae before Supernova Ia events, dimming some events to give systematic distance errors, the dark energy hypothesis, and the Sandage 2006 overestimates of the universe age.