Influence of Speed Limit on Roadway Safety in Indiana

TL;DR

This study investigates how posted speed limits in Indiana influence the causation and severity of traffic accidents, finding that speed limits do not significantly affect accident causation but can increase severity on non-highway roads.

Contribution

The research provides new statistical analysis linking speed limits to accident severity, informing policy decisions for safer and more efficient speed regulations.

Findings

Speed limits do not significantly affect accident causation.

Speed limits increase accident severity on non-highway roads.

Highway accident severity remains unaffected by speed limits.

Abstract

The influence of speed limits on roadway safety is an extremely important social issue and is subject to an extensive debate in the State of Indiana and nationwide. With around 800-900 fatalities and thousands of injuries annually in Indiana, traffic accidents place an incredible social and economic burden on the state. Still, speed limits posted on highways and other roads are routinely exceeded as individual drivers try to balance safety and mobility (speed). This research explores the relationship between speed limits and roadway safety. Namely, the research focuses on the influence of the posted speed limit on the causation and severity of accidents. Data on individual accidents from the Indiana Electronic Vehicle Crash Record System is used in the research, and appropriate statistical models are estimated for causation and severity of different types of accidents on all road classes. The results of the modeling show that speed limits do not have a statistically significant adverse effect on unsafe-speed-related causation of accidents on all roads, but generally increase the severity of accidents on the majority of roads other than highways (the accident severity on highways is unaffected by speed limits). Our findings can perhaps save both lives and travel time by helping the Indiana Department of Transportation determine optimal speed limit policies in the state.