Are Particles Self-Organized Systems?

TL;DR

This paper proposes a model where vacuum self-organization as a coherent time-crystal network explains the emergence of particles, fields, and quantum phenomena, deriving physical constants consistent with experiments.

Contribution

It introduces a novel vacuum self-organization model that accounts for elementary particles, quantum phenomena, and fundamental constants from first principles.

Findings

Emergence of quantum phenomena during vacuum self-organization

Derivation of physical constants consistent with experimental data

Particles as topological defects in a time-crystal network

Abstract

Where did elementary particles come from? What mechanisms are responsible for their occurrence and maintenance? Are they compound or truly elementary? Is vacuum primordial soup where elementary particles are born? Are quantum behavior and relativistic phenomena fundamental or emergent? This paper describes a primitive active medium far from thermodynamic equilibrium, which we associate with vacuum and in which a system of particles and fields arises, similar to that described by the standard model. Phenomena usually attributed to quantum or relativistic media emerge during vacuum self-organization. These include discrete spectra of ground states, charges, oscillation periods, and link flavors, spatial phase coherency, virtual states, tunneling, entanglement, time-related uncertainty of states, and coexistent Planck-like and Einstein-like time scales. The form of vacuum self-organization is a coherent time-crystal network. Here, different fields arise as quantum states of the same gravitation-antigravitation field. Particle-like entities emerge as topological defects. The analysis was accompanied by numerical estimates of several physical constants, the values of which had never previously been derived from theory. These results are consistent with the experimental data.