Effective single-particle order-N scheme for the dynamics of open non-interacting many-body systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces a computationally efficient single-particle scheme for simulating the dynamics of open, non-interacting many-body quantum systems, accurately capturing dissipation and Fermi statistics with linear scaling.

Contribution

The authors develop a novel mapping of many-body quantum dynamics to effective single-particle systems, enabling linear-scaling simulations of open non-interacting electrons.

Findings

Excellent agreement between the scheme and exact many-body results.

Successful application to quantum ring currents and thermal chain systems.

Analytical justification based on averaging over many-body states.

Abstract

Quantum master equations are common tools to describe the dynamics of many-body systems open to an environment. Due to the interaction with the latter, even for the case of non-interacting electrons, the computational cost to solve these equations increases exponentially with the particle number. We propose a simple scheme, that allows to study the dynamics of $N$ non-interacting electrons taking into account both dissipation effects and Fermi statistics, with a computational cost that scales linearly with $N$. Our method is based on a mapping of the many-body system to a specific set of effective single-particle systems. We provide detailed numerical results showing excellent agreement between the effective single-particle scheme and the exact many-body one, as obtained from studying the dynamics of two different systems. In the first, we study optically-induced currents in quantum rings at zero temperature, and in the second we study a linear chain coupled at its ends to two thermal baths with different (finite) temperatures. In addition, we give an analytical justification for our method, based on an exact averaging over the many-body states of the original master equations.