Maximal Orders in the Design of Dense Space-Time Lattice Codes

TL;DR

This paper presents explicit dense space-time lattice codes with non-vanishing determinants for multiple antenna systems, improving decoding efficiency and performance in Rayleigh fading channels through algebraic constructions.

Contribution

It introduces novel algebraic lattice constructions for MISO and MIMO systems using rings of algebraic integers and cyclic division algebras, with simple decoding methods.

Findings

Outperforms previous lattice codes in simulations

Achieves better diversity-multiplexing tradeoff

Provides explicit algebraic constructions with guaranteed minimum determinants

Abstract

We construct explicit rate-one, full-diversity, geometrically dense matrix lattices with large, non-vanishing determinants (NVD) for four transmit antenna multiple-input single-output (MISO) space-time (ST) applications. The constructions are based on the theory of rings of algebraic integers and related subrings of the Hamiltonian quaternions and can be extended to a larger number of Tx antennas. The usage of ideals guarantees a non-vanishing determinant larger than one and an easy way to present the exact proofs for the minimum determinants. The idea of finding denser sublattices within a given division algebra is then generalized to a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) case with an arbitrary number of Tx antennas by using the theory of cyclic division algebras (CDA) and maximal orders. It is also shown that the explicit constructions in this paper all have a simple decoding method based on sphere decoding. Related to the decoding complexity, the notion of sensitivity is introduced, and experimental evidence indicating a connection between sensitivity, decoding complexity and performance is provided. Simulations in a quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel show that our dense quaternionic constructions outperform both the earlier rectangular lattices and the rotated ABBA lattice as well as the DAST lattice. We also show that our quaternionic lattice is better than the DAST lattice in terms of the diversity-multiplexing gain tradeoff.