Strong Gravitational Lensing by Schwarzschild Black Holes

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the formation and properties of relativistic rings caused by strong gravitational lensing near Schwarzschild black holes, providing detailed calculations of impact parameters, approach distances, and magnifications.

Contribution

It offers new calculations of impact parameters, approach distances, and magnification factors for relativistic rings in black hole lensing scenarios.

Findings

Impact parameters and approach distances are precisely calculated.

Relativistic rings have small magnification factors.

Angular sizes of rings are characterized.

Abstract

The properties of the relativistic rings which show up in images of a source when a black hole lies between the source and observer are examined. The impact parameters are calculated, along with the distances of closest approach of the rays which form a relativistic ring, their angular sizes, and their "magnification" factors, which are much less than unity.