Jirim kuark - mikroskopi elektron attoskala ke atas proton

TL;DR

This paper reviews high-energy electron-proton collision experiments at HERA, focusing on the ZEUS detector, revealing that quantum chromodynamics explains small-momentum proton structure and diffractive reactions are significant.

Contribution

It provides a detailed overview of the ZEUS experiment's detector and data analysis, highlighting the need for quantum chromodynamics and the importance of diffractive reactions.

Findings

Naive quark model insufficient at small fractional momentum

Quantum chromodynamics explains proton structure at small momentum

Diffractive reactions with large rapidity gaps are significant

Abstract

We review experiments colliding electrons(/positrons) on protons at high energies at HERA, focussing on the ZEUS experiment. We describe the ZEUS detector, including its data acquisition system, and look at a specific part, namely the electronic system for its calorimeter readout control, in more detail. Data analysis is described, and results pertaining the proton structure is given. It is found that the naive quark model cannot explain the results obtained at small fractional momentum, and this requires quantum chromodynamics. Also it is found that diffractive reactions, with large rapidity gaps, contribute substantially; efforts are being carried out to understand them.