Calculation of Spectral Darkening and Visibility Functions for Solar Oscillations

TL;DR

This paper calculates how spectral darkening and visibility functions affect solar brightness oscillations across visible and infrared spectra, emphasizing the importance of opacity effects in these phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a method to compute spectral darkening and visibility functions considering opacity effects for solar oscillations, highlighting their spectral significance.

Findings

Opacity effects dominate violet and infrared spectra.

Visibility functions are negative in certain spectral regions due to opacity.

Opacity influences brightness fluctuations despite model-observation discrepancies.

Abstract

Calculations of spectral darkening and visibility functions for the brightness oscillations of the Sun resulting from global solar oscillations are presented. This has been done for a broad range of the visible and infrared continuum spectrum. The procedure for the calculations of these functions includes the numerical computation of depth-dependent derivatives of the opacity caused by p modes in the photosphere. A radiative-transport code was used for this purpose to get the disturbances of the opacities from temperature and density fluctuations. The visibility and darkening functions are obtained for adiabatic oscillations under the assumption that the temperature disturbances are proportional to the undisturbed temperature of the photosphere. The latter assumption is the only way to explore any opacity effects since the eigenfunctions of p-mode oscillations have not been obtained so far. This investigation reveals that opacity effects have to be taken into account because they dominate the violet and infrared part of the spectrum. Because of this dominance, the visibility functions are negative for those parts of the spectrum. Furthermore, the darkening functions show a wavelength-dependent change of sign for some wavelengths owing to these opacity effects. However, the visibility and darkening functions under the assumptions used contradict the observations of global p-mode oscillations, but it is beyond doubt that the opacity effects influence the brightness fluctuations of the Sun resulting from global oscillations.