A new method to separate star forming from AGN galaxies at intermediate redshift: The submillijansky radio population in the VLA-COSMOS survey

TL;DR

This study develops an optical color-based method to distinguish star-forming from AGN galaxies at intermediate redshifts and applies it to analyze the composition of the submillijansky radio population in the VLA-COSMOS survey, revealing a significant AGN presence.

Contribution

The paper introduces a new, efficient optical color-based classification method for SF and AGN galaxies applicable to various galaxy samples at intermediate redshifts.

Findings

Star-forming galaxies constitute 30-40% of the submillijansky radio sources.

The radio population is mainly composed of AGN (50-60%) and SF galaxies.

Approximately 10% of sources are high-redshift galaxies or QSOs.

Abstract

We explore the properties of the submillijansky radio population at 20 cm by applying a newly developed optical color-based method to separate star forming (SF) from AGN galaxies at intermediate redshifts (z<1.3). Although optical rest-frame colors are used, our separation method is shown to be efficient, and not biased against dusty starburst galaxies. This classification method has been calibrated and tested on a local radio selected optical sample. Given accurate multi-band photometry and redshifts, it carries the potential to be generally applicable to any galaxy sample where SF and AGN galaxies are the two dominant populations. In order to quantify the properties of the submillijansky radio population, we have analyzed ~2,400 radio sources, detected at 20 cm in the VLA-COSMOS survey. 90% of these have submillijansky flux densities. We classify the objects into 1) star candidates, 2) quasi stellar objects, 3) AGN, 4) SF, and 5) high redshift (z>1.3) galaxies. We find, for the composition of the submillijansky radio population, that SF galaxies are not the dominant population at submillijansky flux levels, as previously often assumed, but that they make up an approximately constant fraction of 30-40% in the flux density range of ~50 microJy to 0.7 mJy. In summary, based on the entire VLA-COSMOS radio population at 20 cm, we find that the radio population at these flux densities is a mixture of roughly 30-40% of SF and 50-60% of AGN galaxies, with a minor contribution (~10%) of QSOs.