Creating kinks from particles

TL;DR

This paper investigates how solitons, specifically kinks, can be generated from particle-like wave pulses in the $bb b4$ model, highlighting conditions that favor their creation.

Contribution

It demonstrates the formation of kink-antikink pairs from wave pulse scattering and identifies low velocities as optimal for creating high-energy solitons.

Findings

Kink-antikink pairs form over a wide parameter range.

Low velocity scattering favors high-energy soliton creation.

Large energy solitons are more likely at low velocities.

Abstract

We study the creation of solitons from particles, using the $\lambda \phi^4$ model as a prototype. We consider the scattering of small, identical, wave pulses, that are equivalent to a sequence of particles, and find that kink-antikink pairs are created for a large region in parameter space. We also find that scattering at {\it low} velocities is favorable for creating solitons that have large energy compared to the mass of a particle.