Influence of the trap shape on the superfluid-Mott transition in ultracold atomic gases

TL;DR

This paper investigates how different trap shapes affect the clarity of the superfluid-Mott transition in ultracold atomic gases, finding that flatter traps improve transition detection despite tuning challenges.

Contribution

It introduces the impact of trap shape on the superfluid-Mott transition detection and suggests flatter traps enhance phase boundary resolution.

Findings

Flatter traps improve the detection of the superfluid-Mott transition.

Smoother traps facilitate phase diagram mapping with local probes.

Tuning particle filling is more challenging in flatter traps.

Abstract

The coexistence of superfluid and Mott insulator, due to the quadratic confinement potential in current optical lattice experiments, makes the accurate detection of the superfluid-Mott transition difficult. Studying alternative trapping potentials which are experimentally realizable and have a flatter center, we find that the transition can be better resolved, but at the cost of a more difficult tuning of the particle filling. When mapping out the phase diagram using local probes and the local density approximation we find that the smoother gradient of the parabolic trap is advantageous.