Numerical observation of Hawking radiation from acoustic black holes in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper provides numerical evidence of Hawking radiation in a Bose-Einstein condensate, showing characteristic long-range correlations and confirming theoretical predictions in an atomic fluid system.

Contribution

It demonstrates the first numerical observation of Hawking radiation in an atomic BEC, validating analog gravity models and analyzing effects of finite temperature.

Findings

Hawking radiation manifests as long-range density correlations

Numerical results agree with theoretical predictions in the hydrodynamic limit

Finite temperature effects on the Hawking signal are analyzed

Abstract

We report numerical evidence of Hawking emission of Bogoliubov phonons from a sonic horizon in a flowing one-dimensional atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. The presence of Hawking radiation is revealed from peculiar long-range patterns in the density-density correlation function of the gas. Quantitative agreement between our fully microscopic calculations and the prediction of analog models is obtained in the hydrodynamic limit. New features are predicted and the robustness of the Hawking signal against a finite temperature discussed.