Vortices, circumfluence, symmetry groups and Darboux transformations of the (2+1)-dimensional Euler equation

TL;DR

This paper derives symmetry groups and Darboux transformations for the (2+1)-dimensional Euler equation, enabling exact vortex solutions with applications to phenomena like hurricanes.

Contribution

It introduces a simple direct method to find symmetry groups and exact vortex solutions, and develops a weak Darboux transformation for the Euler equation.

Findings

Exact vortex and circumfluence solutions obtained

Symmetry group theorem established

Applications to tropical cyclones demonstrated

Abstract

The Euler equation (EE) is one of the basic equations in many physical fields such as fluids, plasmas, condensed matter, astrophysics, oceanic and atmospheric dynamics. A symmetry group theorem of the (2+1)-dimensional EE is obtained via a simple direct method which is thus utilized to find \em exact analytical \rm vortex and circumfluence solutions. A weak Darboux transformation theorem of the (2+1)-dimensional EE can be obtained for \em arbitrary spectral parameter \rm from the general symmetry group theorem. \rm Possible applications of the vortex and circumfluence solutions to tropical cyclones, especially Hurricane Katrina 2005, are demonstrated.